Atkins diet and issues
Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults—the Evidence Report: National Institutes of Health. You will wear shorter sleeves, shorter pants and possibly a bathing suit. The reverse pattern, higher to lower intakes, was statistically significant for protein, fat, and saturated fat at all time points. Participants were recruited from the local community, primarily through media advertisements. Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a standard wall-mounted stadiometer. 7 kg (6 lb, approximately 3% for a 180-lb individual). Thus, with 4 treatment groups and a projected 75 participants per group, the study was designed to have 80% power to detect a 2. I am here to report the latest news in diet and fitness for Diet. Relative to baseline, there was a modest and significant mean increase ( P. At 12 months, the patterns of nutrient differences between groups were still present, but the magnitude of differences was diminished. Local foods not found in the comprehensive database were added to the database manually. 06. Feel free to give your two cents about. 35 (Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR, Kraemer HC, King AC. Several recent trials compared low-carbohydrate vs traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Angela Gargano shows us that workouts can be done almost anywhere. Premenopausal women aged 25 to 50 years were invited to enroll if their body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 27 to 40, body weight was stable over the previous 2 months, and medications were stable for at least 3 months. All statistical tests were 2-tailed using a significance level of. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. Overall, the LEARN manual has the greatest emphasis on behavior modification strategies. 0. Participant Flow Through the Trial View Large Download Figure 2. Differences among diets for 12-month changes from baseline were tested by ANOVA. The Ornish and Zone books suggest some stimulus-control strategies but on the whole do not emphasize behavior modification, whereas both the Atkins and LEARN books suggest multiple strategies, such as relapse preparation and planning strategies and goal setting. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. 20. At the 2- and 6-month intermediate time points, the weight change for the Atkins group was significantly greater than for all other groups ( P P. 1 kg on a calibrated clinical scale. All data were collected at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months. The LEARN group was instructed to follow a prudent diet that included 55% to 60% energy from carbohydrate and less than 10% energy from saturated fat, caloric restriction, increased exercise, and behavior modification strategies. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. For statistically significant ANOVAs, all pairwise comparisons among the 4 diets were tested using the Tukey studentized range adjustment. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Weight Change Relative to Baseline View Large Download Baseline values were carried forward for any missing values. Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 12 months, and mean 12-month weight loss was significantly different between the Atkins and Zone diets ( P Conclusions. Hot from the grill - this Apricot-Stuffed Chicken dish is sweet and savory. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial. In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight and experienced more favorable overall metabolic effects at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets. 05. At subsequent time points the diets were statistically different in carbohydrate content, progressing from low to high across the Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. Have you been working out and eating in moderation in order to stay fit. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. There were no substantive differences in any of these findings compared with the analyses with baseline values carried forward and, therefore, only the primary analyses are presented. Author Affiliations: Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, Calif. Try this delicious Baked Cinnamon Apple recipe for a healthy Fall snack, specifically designed by our registered dietitians at Diet. The ongoing obesity epidemic, 1 along with its health costs and consequences 2 and the health benefits of weight loss, 3 -. 31, 32 The primary analysis was conducted applying intention-to-treat methods with baseline values carried forward for missing values. Efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. Clinic and laboratory staff members were blinded to treatment assignment.
33, 4. 8, 9, 18, 19 The guidelines for the Zone and LEARN diets incorporated specific goals for energy restriction, while for the Atkins and Ornish diets, there were no specific energy restriction goals. The LEARN program is intended to be a 16-week program and, therefore, the 8 weeks of guidance through this book reflected an accelerated time frame, which was necessary to match the time frame given for the other 3 diet groups. Weight loss at 12 months was the primary outcome. 34, and 5. The selected minimal clinically significant between-group difference in weight change was 2. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite c ompensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. The study was approved annually by the Stanford University Human Subjects Committee. 8, 9 However, limited evidence has been available to effectively evaluate other diets. 3-kg SD of weight change. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Additional recommendations given for physical activity, nutritional supplements, and behavioral strategies were consistent with those presented in each diet book. Also for exploratory purposes, all analyses of weight and secondary outcome measures were tested using only available data, without using baseline values carried forward for missing data or other imputation methods. 10, 11. Between-group differences in dietary intake at each time point were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical testing of changes from baseline to 2 months and to 6 months using pairwise comparisons are presented for descriptive purposes. Chris Lawhorn is the Resident DJ at Marie Claire magazine. 05. Energy expenditure was assessed using the well-established Stanford 7-day physical activity recall. National dietary weight loss guidelines (ie, energy-restricted, low in fat, high in carbohydrate) 7 have been challenged, particularly by proponents of low-carbohydrate diets. Based on previous trials, we projected a 6. While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Participant enrollment began in February 2003, and the study ended in October 2005. Summer is upon us in upstate New York. Each diet group attended 1-hour classes led by a registered dietitian once per week for 8 weeks and covered approximately one eighth of their respective books per class. 7-kg difference for 12-month weight change between groups. The recalls occurred on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per time point, on nonconsecutive days whenever possible. The primary objective was to test whether any of the 4 diets, representing a spectrum of carbohydrate intake, was more effective than any other in 12-month weight loss. However, relative to baseline, there was a significant mean decrease in reported energy intake at all postrandomization time points ( P. There were no significant group differences at baseline in percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat, or protein or in grams of saturated fat or fiber, except for a borderline significant difference in percentage of energy from fat between Atkins and LEARN ( P. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. Between-group differences in patterns of nutrient intake were largest at 2 months. com. Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. A range of behavior modification techniques were discussed during the 2-month classes. Each group received specific target goals according to the emphasis of the assigned diet. Participants were enrolled in 4 cohorts, with the first cohort starting in February 2003 and the last cohort starting in September 2004. and your home town. This same pattern was observed for fiber intake. 12 -. Blood samples were collected after a 10-hour or longer fast. Data collectors were trained and certified by the Nutrition Coordinating Center. For exploratory purposes, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine the effect of diet group assignment on secondary outcomes at 12 months after adjusting for changes in weight loss using linear regression. Overview of the Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) intervention for promoting physical activity in primary health care settings. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0. The primary study objective was to examine the effects of diets and gradations of carbohydrate intake on weight loss and related metabolic variables in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. Total energy expenditure was slightly higher for the Ornish group vs the other 3 groups at baseline but was not significantly different among groups at any subsequent time point ( Table 1 ). Dietary intake data were collected by telephone-administered, 3-day, unannounced, 24-hour dietary recalls using Nutrition Data System for Research software, versions 4. The primary emphasis for the Ornish group was no more than 10% of energy from fat. Randomization was conducted in blocks of 24 (6 per treatment group) and occurred by having a blinded research technician select folded pieces of paper with group assignments from an opaque envelope. Attendance was not different by diet group ( P. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise.
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